EXAM REVIEW GUIDE- THIS INCLUDES ALL VOCABULARY!!!!


Miss Simison
Midterm Exam Guide
5 January 2007

It’s that time of year again…….MIDTERMS!

Here’s what will be included on yours:

Vocabulary!
Study all of the words, 150 words for C1 and 225 words for honors. I know it sounds like a lot, but there will only be 50 on the exam. This part of the exam shouldn’t take you longer than 45 minutes.

MCAS Practice Prompt!
This might quite possible be the most exciting part of the exam. You will be given 30 minutes to write the prompt. It will ask you to draw knowledge from something you have read. Usually you have to talk about how a character develops, events that happened in the book, or relationships of the main character. Keeping the methods of characterization in the back of your mind is an excellent idea. It may also be a good idea to make a list of books you have read with their authors and who the main character is:

BOOK AUTHOR MAIN CHARACTER
1. The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger Holden Caulfield
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The best way to format your prompt would be to….
1st Paragraph: Give an opening sentence related to the question you are being asked.
State your thesis (main idea)
State three points to support your thesis

2nd Paragraph: First point
Examples to support point

3rd Paragraph Second point
Examples to support point

4th Paragraph: Third Point
Examples to support point


5th Paragraph: Last one! Restate the question
Restate your thesis
Restate your three supporting ideas
Wrap it up with a killer last sentence!



Smiley Face Tricks!
Be familiar with all eight Smiley Face Tricks…especially figurative language! I may have you write them down for me, or give you a piece of writing and have you identify as many as you can find.

1~ MAGIC 3—Lists, examples, adjectives......three examples in a series can create a rhythm, or add support for a point, they add emphasis and a poetic, musical quality for listeners/readers

2~REPETITION FOR EFFECT—Writers often repeat specially chosen words or phrases to make a point, to stress certain ideas for the reader........repeat a symbol, sentence starter, important word for importance. This is not because you can't think of another work, repetition for effect is always conscious!

3~ SPECIFIC DETAILS FOR EFFECT—Instead of general, vague descriptions, specific sensory details help the reader visualize the person, place, thing, or idea—uh, you know, a SHOW as opposed to tell! Add vivid and specific information to your writing to clarify and create word pictures. thundered instead of noise, Cadillac instead of car.....you get the point.

4~ FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE—Non-literal comparisons such as similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbole, onomatopoeia, symbolism, irony, alliteration, assonance etc —add “spice” to writing and can help paint a more vivid picture for the reader:

~SIMILIES~ compare using like or as...stiff AS a board

~METAPHORS~ compares without using like or as... her face is an open book

~HYERBOLE~ an extreme exaggeration... so hungry i could eat a horse

~ONOMATOPOEIA~ a word that sounds like what it means... BAM! BOOM! ZAP! CRUNCH!

~ALLITERATION~ repetition of beginning consonant sound...peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers...gives noise and music to the piece of writing

~ASSONANCE~ related to alliteration, the dark side of it, repetition of vowel sound in neighboring words...rain in Spain....but it doesn't have to rhyme...hEat of the mEan girls' argument is a near rhyme

5~ FULL-CIRCLE ENDING - When you include an image at the beginning of a piece of writing and then mentioning it again at the end, it gives your piece a sense of closure.

6~ HYPHENATED MODIFIERS— When you connect two adjectives or adverbs together with a hyphen to describe a noun, it lends an air of originality and sophistication to your writing. Sometimes a new way of saying something can make all the difference; hyphenated modifiers, or single-thought adjectives, often cause the reader to “sit up and take notice.” They add originality and more flavor to writing and allow you to invent words:

7~ EXPANDED MOMENT—Instead of “speeding” past a moment, writers often emphasize it by “expanding” the actions, developing it fully to make your reader take notice. Taking a moment you would ordinarily speed past and stretch it out intentionally. This makes writing BETTER, not longer!

8~ HUMOR—Professional writers know the value of laughter; even subtle humor can help turn a “boring” paper into one that can raise someone’s spirits. Whenever possible and appropriate, inject a little humor to keep your reader awake. Remind the reader that reading is fun!


Methods of Characterization!
~ How a writer develops his or her character

STARRD!

1. Speech
What a character says and how they say it...very important.

2. Thoughts
What's going on inside a character's head? A lot probably!

3. Actions
What a character does can teach a reader, and other characters, a lot about them.

4. Reactions
How other characters respond to events.

5. Relationships The saying goes.........you can tell a lot about a person by who their friends are! Relationships reveal LOADS about a character!

6. Direct Description This is where the writer comes right out and tells you about the character!


GRAMMAR!

There will be a paragraph edit on the exam.

HONORS CLASSES:
THERE WILL BE A PORTION OF THE EXAM RELATED TO CATCHER IN THE RYE COMPRISED OF BOTH QUESTIONS TEXT-RELATED AND QUESTIONS OPINION-RELATED. BRING YOUR BOOKS!

C1 CLASSES:
THERE WILL BE A PORTION OF THE EXAM RELATED TO PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION

PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION!

There are several ways to organize your writing. Not every pattern will work for every writer or for every piece of writing. It is important to organize the writing in an order that is interesting, but more importantly it must be logical. In other words, it has to make sense to the reader. Everything must fit together, much like the pieces of a puzzle.


Chronological Order
Chronological order is the order in which the events occurred, from first to last. This is the easiest pattern to write and to follow.

Cause and Effect Order
In this type of order, the cause (or reason) is usually discussed first. This then leads to a discussion of the effect (or result.)

Problem to Solution Order
In this type of order, the problem is presented first. Details about the problem, including its cause, follows. Next, a suggested solution will be discussed, including details that support the solution.

Spatial Order
Takes the reader from one spot the next, as if the reader were looking at something. It is very descriptive.

Climactic Order
Takes the reader from the least important idea to the most important idea. The ideas build in importance, holding the reader's attention. The best is saved for the last.

Reverse Climactic Order
The most important idea is stated first and the least important idea is stated last. This method is used most often in newspaper articles. This way if the reader does not finish the article he/she will still know the most important details. This method grabs the reader's attention in the beginning, but it does not work very will in holding the reader's attention clear to the end.

Process Order
A sequence of actions is described. It instructs the reader on how to do something. It is basically a set of directions. Owner's manuals and cookbooks are organized in this pattern.

Classification Order
The main idea is broken down into smaller areas or classifications. Each classification is then discussed.

Comparison/Contrast Order point by point/ block
This type of order is again based on comparison (the similarities) and contrast (the differences.) Instead of being divided into parts, however, both sides of each point are discussed together.

EXAM SHEDULE IS AS FOLLOWS:

16 January: A and B Periods
17 January: C and D Periods
18 January: E and F Periods
19 January: G and H Periods


GOOD LUCK!


VOCABULARY 15

INVETERATE-ADJ- long standing; habitual
MULTIFARIOUS-ADJ- having great variety; numerous and diverse
RENEGADE-N- an outlaw, a traitor, a deserter
RUMINATE-V- to meditate, to think at length
CARPING-ADJ- complaining
CLAIRVOYANT-N, ADJ- having exceptional insight; a person with exceptional insight (a psychic)
PANOPLY-N- 1. A splendid array 2. warrior's armor
LOLL-V- to lounge, to act in a lazy manner
COMPUNCTION-N- remorse, regret
DISPARAGE-V- to discredit, to belittle

ADIITIONAL 5 FOR HONORS CLASSES:

COMELY-ADJ- attractive and agreeable
ASKEW-ADJ- crooked, slanted
PRESAGE-V- foretell
UNCOUTH-ADJ- outlandish and rude
GOSSAMER-ADJ- sheer, like cobwebs

VOCABULARY 14

RECLUSE-n- a person who lives alone and away from others
FARRAGO -n- a careless or confused mixture, a hodge-podge
VERNACULAR -n- standard, everyday language; common, idiomatic
UNGUENT -n- ointment; salve for wounds
SUCCINT -adj- concise, clearly said in a few words
TACITURN-adj- habitually untalkative, uncommunicative
TOUT-v- to promote or praise energetically
UNIMPEACHABLE-adj- beyond doubt, beyond reproach
VIABLE-adj- able to live or exist
WANTON-adj- immoral; deliberately cruel and malicious

additional 5 for honors classes:

PRATTLE -v- babble, chatter
METTLE -n- courage, spirit
GREGARIOUS -adj- sociable
ENMITY -n- ill-will, hatred
VEXATIOUS -adj- full of annoyance or distress; harassed, intended to vex or annoy

THE EXTRA CREDIT WORDS!!!!

VERMICULATE-V- TO DECORATE WITH WAVY OR WINDING LINES or ADJ- WORM-LIKE, TWISTING, INFECTED WITH WORMS (EWWW!)
MISPRIZE-V- TO DESPISE; TO UNDERVALUE
HEMIALGIA-N- PAIN AFFECTING ONE HALF OF THE BODY
HELMINTHOLOGY-N- THE STUDY OF WORMS (EWWW AGAIN!)

VOCABULARY 13

BELLICOSE-adj- war-like, quarrelsome
ABJURE-v- to renounce; to avoid or shun
INGRATIATE-v- to get on someone's good side, to make oneself acceptable
JUDICIOUS-adj- wise, careful, showing good judgement
LEVITY-n- lightness, lack of seriousness
CORROSIVE-adj- acidlike, eating away gradually; bitterly sarcastic
PARIAH-n- an outcast
STENTORIAN-adj- extremely loud
OBVIATE-v- to anticipate and prevent
RETROGRESS-v- to move backward, to return to an earlier condition

additional words for honors.........

BROWBEAT-v- to bully, to intimidate
BRAZEN-adj- insolent, rude
JUBILATION-n- rejoicing, celebration
REPREHENSIBLE-adj- deserving blame
WAGGISH-adj- mischievous

EXTRA CREDIT:
RACONTEUR
SPASMODIC
PRATFALL

VOCABULARY 12

CIRCUMSPECT-ADJ- careful, cautious
HISTRIONIC-ADJ- over-acting, melodramatic, theatrical
DEBILITATE-V- to weaken, to sap the strength of
GESTICULATE-V- to make gestures, especially when speaking
DISMANTLE-V- to take apart
BUCOLIC-ADJ- pastoral, rural, rustic
ENERVATE-V- to weaken or destroy the strength of
EVANESCENT-ADJ- fleeting, gradually disappearing
DIDACTIC-ADJ- instructive, meant to teach
GARNER-V- to collect

and all you honors students can add on the following:

SQUANDER-V- to waster, to use extravagantly
PANDEMIC-ADJ- epidemic over a large region
GRUELING-ADJ- exhausting, difficult
BELLIGERENT-ADJ- war-like, ready to fight
LURID-ADJ- shocking and sensational; glowing through flames

x-tra credit: this differs from class to class depending on which words we assigned

PYE-DOG (MAY ALSO BE SPELLED PI-DOG)
PURULENCE
LIGER
DOGGO
BELLESLETTRES

VOCABULARY 11

ingenuous-adj- innocent; sincere
altruistic-adj- selfless
arduous-adj- difficult, hard
venal-adj- open to bribery or corruption
capricious-adj- changeable, whimsical
sycophant-n- flatterer, suck-up
vacuous-adj- stupid or inane, devoid of meaning
ungainly-adj- awkward, clumsy
quell-v- to suppress or quiet by force
strident-adj- loud, harsh, doscordant, grating

additional words for honors:


cherubic-adj- angelic, innocent
meddlesome-adj- interfering
reprisal-n- retaliation
ebullient-adj- enthusiastic
dogged-adj- stubborn and perservering


VOCABULARY 10~ this is the week where honors and c1 had separate lists

HONORS:

QUISLING-n-a traitor, someone who betrays his/her country to help an invading enemy
PAINSTAKING-adj-very carefule, attentive
NEFARIOUS-adj-wicked, evil
PRECLUDE-v-to prevent
PROVINCIAL-adj-unsophisticated, countrified
RECCALCITRANT-adj-unmanageable, refusing to follow rules
SYBARITE-n-a person devoted to luxury and pleasure, a hedonist
JUXTAPOSE-v-to place side by side to compare or contrast
FECUND-adj-fertile, productive
GAMESOME-adj-merry, frolicsome
DOLT-n-idiot, stupid person
AGAPE-adj-open-mouthed
IMPECCABLE-adj-perfect, flawless
RESPLENDENT-adj- brilliant, lustrous
PERORATE-v- to lecture or give a sermon


C1:

MOROSE-adj-gloomy and bad tempered
PAINSTAKING-adj-very careful, attentive
NEFARIOUS-adj-wicked, evil
PRECLUDE-v-to prevent
PROVINCIAL-adj-unsophisticated, countrified
RECALCITRANT-adj-unmanageable, refusing to follow rules
RESCIND-v-to take back, cancel, appeal
JUXTAPOSE-v-to place side by side to compare or contrast
FECUND-adj-fertile, productive
SUBSTANTIATE-v-to support with proof or verify

VOCABULARY 9

duplicity-n- deceitfulness
emulate-v- to try to equal or surpass
euphemism-n- a nice way of saying something that is harsh
fastidious-adj- hard to please, particular
garbled-adj- confused mixture
hierarchy-n- organization by rank or class
impassive-adj- without feeling or emotion
indigent-adj- poverty stricken
jargon-n- specialized vocabulary of members of a group
lethargic-adj- drowsy, dull sluggish

ADDITIONAL FIVE FOR HONORS:
panache-n- flair, flamboyance
inept-adj- incompetent
disconsolate-adj- sad
somnolent-adj- half-asleep
nepotism-n- favoritism to a relative

EXTRA CREDIT-
scofflaw-n- one who flouts laws....traffic, liquor, etc
perspicuous-adj- easily understood
perspicacious-adj- having good judgement, discerning
operculum-n- body process or part that suggests a lid, the covering of the gills of a fish
interstice-n- crack, crevice

VOCABULARY 8

adulterate - v - to corrupt, contaminate, or pollute
aloof - adj. - standoffish, indifferent, not interested
apochryphal - adj. - false, counterfeit
belittle - v - to make something seem unimportant, to trivialize
capitulate - v - to surrender, to give in
If we don't capitulate to the criminal's demands, she may kill the hostages.
crestfallen - adj. - discouraged, disappointed
conciliatory - adj. - meant to soothe or reconcile
dearth - n - shortage


desecrate - v - to treat with disrespect
diffident - adj. - shy; modest, unassertive

HONORS ONLY:

spectral - adj. - ghostly
mendacious - adj. - lying, false
guffaw - n - boisterous laughter
bilk - v - to swindle or cheat
pusillanimous - adj. - cowardly, faint-hearted

VOCABULARY 7

quintessence - n - the purest form, the most typical example
tentative - adj. - not definite; hesitant
repugnant - adj. - disgusting, loathsome (um . . . MAYONNAISE!)
venerate - v - to honor, to treat with great respect (what you should do to your
English teacher)
sophomoric - adj. - immature; over-confident
stultifying - adj. - causing to appear stupid, rendering useless
stark - adj. - harsh, desolate, grim, bleak
rebuff - v - to reject, to snub
voracious - adj. - ravenous, greedy
quiescent - adj. - dormant, inactive, at rest

Honors only:

xenophobia - n - fear of foreigners, fear of strangers
besmirch - v - to tarnish or soil
imprudent - adj. - not careful
penurious - adj. - stingy, parsimonious
perfunctory - adj. - superficial, not thorough, half-hearted

Extra credit:

nictitate - v
emotophobia - n
scuttlebutt - n
coulrophobia - n
oenophile – n

VOCABULARY 6

heretic - n - someone who goes against a church
laudable - adj. - praiseworthy
propensity - n - tendency, inclination
indefatigable - adj. - tireless
impartial - adj - unbiased, fair
pragmatic - adj - practical
peruse - v - to study, to look over carefully
overt - adj. - obvious
mitigate - v - to make less intense, to relieve
irrelevant - adj - not related, not important

Honors only:
dawdle - v - to linger, to go slowly
doddering - adj - shaky
glutinous - adj. - sticky
malediction - n - a curse
pundit - n - a learned person

Extra Credit:
joypop - v
poshlust - n
upsilamba – n

VOCABULARY 5

chimerical - adj. - absurd, wildly fanciful, imaginative
cogent - adj. - strong and convincing
cursory - adj. - quickly and without attention to detail
derogatory - adj. - negative and degrading
discerning - adj. - perceptive, shrewd, observant
dormant - adj. - asleep, at rest
embroil - v - to involve or engage (in a quarrel)
deft - adj. - skillful, adept, nimble
fallacy - n - false idea, mistaken belief
galvanize - v - to stimulate, stir up, or get started

Honors only:
extirpate - v - to destroy completely; to tear up by the roots
craven - adj. - cowardly
impecunious - adj. - without money
restive - adj. - unmanageable
turbid - adj. - muddy

Extra credit:
solidus - n
crepuscular - adj.
cysticercoid - n
counterpane - n
popple - n, v

VOCABULARY 4

aversion - n - strong dislike
unequivocal - adj. - very clear, obvious
alleviate - v - to relieve, to make easier
voluminous - adj. - large; enough to fill volumes
callous - adj. - unfeeling, insensitive
tenets - n - principles, beliefs, or truths held by a group
abstinence - n - the giving up of certain pleasures like food, drink, sex, etc.
antithesis - n - direct opposite
validate - v - to verify or substantiate
surreptitiously - adv. - sneakily, slyly

Five more for Honors:

fracas - n - brawl, melee
munificent - adj. - very generous
complacent - adj. - self-satisfied
veracious - adj. - truthful
mendicant - n - beggar

Extra Credit:

hemidemisemiquaver - n
plug-ugly - n
fustigate - v
terpsichorean - adj.
bowyer – n

VOCABULARY 3

meticulous-adj- careful about details, fussy
opulent-adj- wealthy; luxuriant
peripheral-adj- external; tangential (not central)
ponderous-adj- heavy; dull or tiresome
prolific-adj- producing a lot; having many children
raze-v- to destroy or tear down
repudiate-v- to reject, to refuse or acknowledge
salutary-adj- healthful, useful
serene-adj- peaceful
stringent-adj- strict or severe

ADDITIONAL 5 FOR HONORS:

coddle-v- to treat indulgently
spendthrift-n- one who wastes money
hoodwinked-v- deceived or cheated
tatterdemalion-n- a raggedy person
gingerly-adv- carefully

EXTRA CREDIT:
elephant folio-n-
anaphora-n-
sphygmomanometer-n-
unciform-adj-

VOCABULARY 2

dogmatic - adj. - certain that opinions and beliefs are true; arrogant
embellish - v - to decorate; to add to
esoteric - adj. - understood by only a select few
facilitate - v - to make easier
furtive - adj. - sneaky, secretive
hedonist - n - one who lives for pleasure
immutable - adj. - never changing
incorrigible - adj. - unable to be reformed
irrefutable - adj. - cannot be disproved
latent - adj. - present but invisible

Additional words for honors:

amorphous - adj. - shapeless
benison - n - blessing
celerity - n - speed
doldrums - n - blues, sadness
extemporaneous - adj. - unplanned, impromptu