Honors Final Exam Review Guide
Miss Simison
EXAM: 24 May 2007

A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Remember that discussion we had when you wrote all that fun stuff you knew or wanted to know about Shakespeare on the board? Here are a few things that might be on your test:

SHAKESPEARE, YAY!

Here's a snapshot of what we talked about in class today..........

Did you know the word 'housekeeping' was a Shakespeare invention?
Believe it or not, Shakespeare literally invented 1,700 words in the English language. He was the first person to use words like - aerial, critic, submerge, majestic, hurry, lonely, road, assassination, laughable, reliance, exposure...... 'Break the ice', 'All that glitters is not gold', 'Hot-blooded', 'In the mind’s eye', 'Housekeeping', 'It’s all Greek to me', 'The naked truth', 'One fell swoop', 'Method in his madness'..... Shakespeare is probably in all our lives in some way every day.

Box Office!
Ever hear of a box office? Of course you have! Know where the name comes from? Well...... In Elizabethan times many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed at The Globe Theatre in London. To get in, you put one penny in a box by the door. Then you could stand on the ground in front of the stage. To sit on the first balcony, you put another penny in the box held by a man in front of the stairs. To sit on the second balcony, you put another penny in the box held by the man by the second flight of stairs. Then when the show started, the men went and put the boxes in a room backstage - the box office.

'The Globe' The Globe Theatre didn’t just show plays. It ‘acted’ as a bear pit, brothel, and a gambling house.

No Copyright In Shakespeare’s time copyright didn’t exist, so the actors only got their lines as the play was in progress. They only got to know who else was playing what the day of the performance. They did "cue acting", which meant that there was a person backstage that whispered the lines to the person right before he was going to say them. Actors were not considered trustworthy people, and the market for good plays was large.

No women allowed, ewwww girls have cooties! The actors were all men in Shakespeare's day. The parts of women were played by boys who still had light voices.

Images of him There are only two authentic portraits of William Shakespeare. An engraving of him by Martin Droeshout first published on the title page of the 1623 First Folio, yes you're looking at it right there! And the monument of the great playwright in Stratford's Holy Trinity Church in Stratford. I've seen the engraving.....it's at the National Portrait Gallery in London. However, it is often traveling and can be found in places like Connecticut!

No BA Shakespeare, one of literature’s greatest figures, never went to university.

Nearly missed out William never published any of his plays. We read his plays today only because his fellow actors, posthumously recorded his work as a dedication to their fellow actor in 1623, publishing 36 of William’s plays.
This collection known as The First Folio is the source from which all published Shakespeare books are derived and is an important proof that he authored his plays.

Shakespeare since the 17th Century…..modern interpretations such as the one we saw in Boston or the movie we watched in class.

Brush up on your knowledge of A Midsummer Night’s Dream:
Characters, Conflicts, the four intertwined plots etc


Short Stories
Make sure you know the elements of a short story

SETTING -- The time and location in which a story takes place is called the setting.
For some stories the setting is very important, while for others it is not.
There are several aspects of a story's setting to consider:

a) place - geographical location. Where is the action of the story taking place?
b) time - When is the story taking place? (historical period, time of day, year, etc)
c) weather conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc?
d) social conditions - What is the daily life of the character's like? Does the story contain local colour (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular place)?
e) mood or atmosphere - What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? Is it bright and cheerful or dark and frightening?


PLOT –
The plot is how the author arranges events to develop his basic idea;
It is the sequence of events in a story or play. The plot is a planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and end. The short story usually has one plot so it can be read in one sitting. There are five essential parts of plot:

a) Introduction - The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed.

b) Rising Action - This is where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed (events between the introduction and climax).

c) Climax - This is the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story. The reader wonders what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not?

d) Falling action - The events and complications begin to resolve themselves. The reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not (events between climax and denouement).

e) Denouement - This is the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.


CONFLICT-- Without conflict there is no plot.
It is the opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the plot move.
Conflict is not merely limited to open arguments, rather it is any form of opposition that faces the main character.
Within a short story there may be only one central struggle, or there may be one dominant struggle with many minor ones.
There are two types of conflict:
1) External - A struggle with a force outside one's self.
2) Internal - A struggle within one's self; a person must make some decision, overcome pain, quiet their temper, resist an urge, etc.


CHARACTER -- There are two meanings for the word character:
1) The person in a work of fiction.
2) The characteristics of a person.

Persons in a work of fiction - Antagonist and Protagonist
Short stories use few characters. One character is clearly central to the story with all major events having some importance to this character - he/she is the PROTAGONIST. The opposer of the main character is called the ANTAGONIST.

The Characteristics of a Person -
In order for a story to seem real to the reader its characters must seem real. Characterization is the information the author gives the reader about the characters themselves. STARRD

Characters are convincing if they are: consistent, motivated, and life-like (resemble real people)

Characters are...
1. Individual - round, many sided and complex personalities.
2. Developing - dynamic, many sided personalities that change, for better or worse, by the end of the story.
3. Static - Stereotype, have one or two characteristics that never change and are emphasized e.g. brilliant detective, drunk, scrooge, cruel stepmother, etc.

THEME -- The theme in a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight.
It is the author's underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey.
The theme may be the author's thoughts about a topic or view of human nature.
The title of the short story usually points to what the writer is saying and he may use various figures of speech to emphasize his theme, such as: symbol, allusion, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, or irony.

Some simple examples of common themes from literature, TV, and film are:
- things are not always as they appear to be
- Love is blind
- Believe in yourself
- People are afraid of change
- Don't judge a book by its cover

“99”
“Santaland Diaries”
“A Convalescent Ego”
“Dr. Jack O’ Lantern”
“The Necklace”

Poetry
Origination of the word and background (notes from board)
Loaded Words
Concrete Poetry
Villanelle~ Middle Ages, Europe, Troubadors traveled and told stories. The Villanelle evolved from Italian folk song, formalized in the 1500s.
Form: 5- 3 line stanzas
1 4-line stanza

Based on two repeating lines; line 1 and line 3 of the first stanza alternate as last lines to succeeding stanzas
Last stanza uses line one and three as the final couplet

Rhyme Scheme
ABA
ABA
ABA
ABA
ABA

ABAA

Usually Iambic Pentameter

Requires a subject that is cyclical or has an urgent message because you are repeating so much
The repeating lines are carefully crafted to deepen in meaning with each verse and to be flexible

You will also be responsible for whatever we cover in class on 22 May.

Invictus

By William Ernest Henley

Out of the night that covers me,
Black as the Pit from pole to pole,
I thank whatever gods may be
For my unconquerable soul.

In the fell clutch of circumstance
I have not winced nor cried aloud.
Under the bludgeonings of chance
My head is bloody, but unbowed.

Beyond this place of wrath and tears
Looms but the Horror of the shade,
And yet the menace of the years
Finds, and shall find me, unafraid.

It matters not how strait the gate,
How charged with punishments the scroll,
I am the master of my fate:
I am the captain of my soul.


Essay
There will be one essay on the exam. It will be a standard essay (5 paragraphs etc) and the entire exam will be geared so you will have about 40 minutes to complete it. I would give yourself ten minutes to plan and 30 to do your writing. It will, MOST LIKELY, be Shakespeare related.

Grammar
There will be a couple sentences and a paragraph edit

VOCABULARY!
VOCABULARY 26~

tangential~adj~ touching on a subject; diverging or digressing

trepidation~n~ apprehension, dread, fear

untenable~adj~ can't be defended or maintained

vindictive~adj~ revengeful, unforgiving, bitter

folderol~n~ foolishness, nonsense

aesthetic~adj~ artistic, showing appreciation of beatuty

analogous~adj~ comparable, similar

dodger~n~ a shifty, dishonest person, a trickster

buffoon~n~ a clown, a fool

caustic~adj~ stinging, biting

virulent~adj~ extremely poisonous

wary~adj~ very cautious

protract~v~ to prolong

puerile~adj~ childish

maelstrom~n~ whirlpool

VOCABULARY 25

SNARKY~ADJ~ IRRITABLE, SHORT-TEMPERED

PAUCITY~N~ SCARCITY, SMALL AMOUNT

FIDDLE-FOOTED~ADJ~ EXCITABLE OR NERVOUS; INCLINED TO WANDER

FREEBOOTER~N~ A PERSON WHO PILLAGES AND PLUNDERS, ESPECIALLY A PIRATE

QUERULOUS~ADJ~ FAULT-FINDING, COMPLAINING

FLEER~ V/N ~ V~TO LAUGH OR SMIRK IN DERISION; N~ A TAUNTING LOOK OR GIBE

RETICENT~ADJ~ NOT SAYING MUCH, ESPECIALLY ABOUT SELF

SCRUPULOUS~ADJ~ HONEST, CONSCIENTIONS, CAREFUL ABOUT DETAILS

SPURIOUS~ADJ~ COUNTERFEIT, FALSE

SUPERCILIOUS~ADJ~ PROUD AND SCORNFUL, HAUGHTY, LOOKING DOWN ON


ADULATION~N~ FLATTERY, ADMIRATION

AFFABLE~ADJ~ COURTEOUS, PLESANT

ANTIPATHY~N~ AVERSION, DISLIKE

CEREBRATION~N~ THOUGHT

PRATE~V~ TO SPEAK FOOLISHLY, TO BOAST IDLY

VOCABULARY 24

EFFERVESCENT~adj~ bubbly, producing bubbles; full of energy

AGOG~adj~ highly excited by eagerness

CONTRABAND~n~ goods smuggled into or out of a place where they are illegal

PORCINE~adj~ resembling a pig, related to a pig

EBULLITION~n~ a sudden violent outburst

VERSLIBRIST~n~ a writer of free-verse

INCIPIENT~adj~ beginning

INSIPID~adj~ dull, bland

NEBBISH~n~ a timid, meek, or ineffectual person

RAPSCALLION~n~ rascal

PRODIGIOUS~adj~ enormous in size or quantity; amazing

UNFLEDGED~adj~ not fully developed, immature

WARREN~n~ a place where rabbits live; a crowded tenement

BENIGHTED~adj~ being in a state of intellectual darkness, ignorant

TYRO~n~ a beginner, a novice

VOCABULARY 23

IMPLACABLE~ADJ~ NOT ABLE TO BE SATISFIED OR PACIFIED; UNYEILDING, RELENTLESS

AMELIORATE~V~ TO MAKE BETTER, TO IMPROVE

BOMBASTIC~ADJ~ USE OF IMPRESSIVE SOUNDING LANGUAGE WITH LITTLE MEANING

CATHARSIS~N~ EMOTIONAL PURIFICATION OR RELIEF

ATROPHY~V~ TO WASTE AWAY

CLEMENCY~N~ MERCY, MILDNESS

PEJORATIVE~ADJ~ NEGATIVE, UNFAVORABLE

PROWESS~N~ BRAVERY; SKILL, ADEPTNESS

DEVOID~ADJ~ ENTIRELY WITHOUT; LACKING

TRUCULENT~ADJ~ FIERCE AND CRUEL, BRUTAL, SAVAGE

QUAGMIRE~N~ BOG, MARSH

BADINAGE~N~ TEASING CONVERSATION

DESULTORY~ADJ~ AIMLESS, JUMPING AROUND

INIQUITOUS~ADJ~ UNJUST, WICKED

SMATTERING~N~ SMALL AMOUNT

VOCABULARY 21

REFURBISH~V~ to make like new

RESPITE~N~ interval of rest, a break

SCOFF~V~ to mock or make fun of

SPORADIC~ADJ~ occuring irregulary

SUMPTUOUS~ADJ~ lavish, costly, extravagant

TALON~N~ claw

TIRADE~N~ long, angry scolding speech

UNSCATHED~adj~ unharmed

VILIFY~V~ to defame or slander

WITHER~V~ to dry up or shrivel

POLEMIC~N~ controversy, argument supporting a point of view

MUTABLE~ADJ~changing in form

GLOWER~V~scowl

BANDY~V~discuss lightly

UNWITTING~ADJ~ unintentional

VOCABULARY 20

UNFEIGNED~ADJ~ GENUINE, REAL

INADVERTENT~ADJ~ ACCIDENTAL, UNINTENTIONAL

INSCRUTABLE~ADJ~ IMPOSSIBLE TO UNDERSTAND

SEDULOUS~ADJ~ DILIGENT, HARD-WORKING

LUCID~ADJ~ CLEAR, UNDERSTANDABLE

VITUPERATIVE~ADJ~ ABUSIVE, SCOLDING

PARTISAN~ADJ~ ONE-SIDED, PREJUDICE; COMMITTED TO ONE PARTY

PLACATE~V~ TO SOOTHE OR PACIFY

ICHTHYOLOGY~N~ THE STUDY OF FISH

QUANDARY~N~ DILEMMA

BASTION~N~ FORTRESS, DEFENSE, STRONGHOLD

COMPLICITY~N~ PARTICIPATION, INVOLVEMENT

MALINGERER~N~ ONE WHO PRETENDS TO BE SICK TO GET OUT OF RESPONSIBLITY

TOADY~V~ TO FLATTER FOR FAVORS

VENTURESOME~ADJ~ BOLD, DARING

VOCABULARY 19

CLANDESTINE -adj- secret

INVECTIVE -n- abuse (verbal)

DEFERENCE -n- great respect

INVEIGLE -v- to lead astray, OR..... to wheedle (which means cajole, or beg and beg and beg until you get what you want

DISPARITY -n- lack of equality, difference

EFFACE -v- to wipe out, to erase

EMENDATION -n- correction of errors, improvement

POTABLE -adj- suitable for drinking

TRUNCATE -v- to cut the top off

GRATUITOUS -adj- freely given; unnecessary, uncalled for, negative

BENEFICENT -adj- kindly, good

IMPROVIDENT -adj- not thrifty

INVIDIOUS -adj- designed to create ill-will or envy

MEIN -n- demeanor, bearing, the way you carry yourself

RAMSHACKLE -adj- rickety, falling apart

VOCABULARY 18

TACTLESS -adj- having no skill in dealing with people; rude; insensitive

THWART -v- to stop something from happening; to hinder. oppose, or frustrate

UNOBTRUSIVE -adj- not noticeable; inconspicuous, seeming to belong

VICARIOUS adj- to experience through someone or something else

WHET -v- to increase, sharpen, stimulate

ADMONISH -v- to caution or warn, to criticize or warn midly but firmly

AMBIVALENCE -n- indecision, experiencing contradictory emotions

ASSUAGE -v- to soothe, make less severe, to satisfy, ease, lessen

BLITHE -adj- cheerful, carefree

CATALYST -n- something which causes reactions in other things without being affected itself

BLANDISHMENT -n- flattery, sweet talk

COEVAL -adj- of the same or equal age, or duration, originating or existing during the same period

MOLLIFY -v- appease, calm, to pacify

PRETEXT -n- a false reason put forth to hide the real one

RECTIFY -v- to correct, to straighten, amend, revise, set right

VOCABULARY 17

NONCHALANCE ~n~ carelessness, lack of interest or concern

PARSIMONIOUS ~adj~ too thrifty, stingy, cheap

PIQUE ~v~ to hurt feelings; to excite or arouse interest

TACIT ~adj~ unspoken, silent but implied

PUGNACIOUS ~adj~ eager to fight

REDUNDANT ~adj~ repetitive

LIMPID ~adj~ clear (like water), clear (easy to understand)

MARTINET ~n~ a strict disciplinarian

SOPOROFIC ~adj~ producing sleep

SAGACIOUS ~adj~ very wise

TITANIC ~adj~ gigantic

GADFLY ~n~ an animal biting fly, an irritating person

PURLOIN ~v~ steal

ARDOR ~n~ passion, heat, zeal

WAX ~v~ increase, grow

VOCABULARY 16

INSIDIOUS~adj~ sneaky, sly, meant to deceive or entrap, treacherous

ENGENDER~v~ to cause or exist or to develop; produce

EXACERBATE~v~ to make worse, to make more violent

GIBE~v~ to mock or ridicule
~n~ an expression of scorn or derision

GARRULOUS~adj~ tiresomely talkative, wordy and rambling

ALACRITY~n~ cheerful willlingness, eagerness

IMPLAUSIBLE~adj~ difficult to believe, provoking disbelief, not plausible

PHLEGMATIC~adj~ having or showing a slow and stolid temperament, having a sluggish temperament, unemotional

CONSECRATE~v~ to decleare or set apart as sacred, dedicated to a sacred purpose

LISTLESS~adj~ lack of interest, energy, or spirit, lethargic

PREVARICATE~v~ to lie, to stray from or evade the truth

EXTOL~v~ to praise highly, exalt, glorify or honor

BEFUDDLE~v~ to confuse, perplex

YEN~n~ strong desire or inclination, a yearning or craving

MUTINOUS~adj~ rebellious, unruly, turbulent, uncontrollable


LAST BUT NOT LEAST: THE BBQ
Friday, 25 May: After School until whenever
30 Bayes Hill Road, OB
From the High School:
Take left out of driveway. At stop sign turn right onto Barnes Road. Bayes Hill is about two miles down on the right….white gates and flowers. Take right onto Bayes Hill; when road straightens out, house is fourth on the left. It’s a white house with a pink wreath on the front door and there will be a dark blue VW Passat in the driveway. Bring whatever food you want! Yes, Miss Wallace will be there! And Hannah!
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR ARE STRESSING AND THINK YOU MIGHT DIE BECAUSE YOUR FINAL IS IN A WEEK, my mobile number is 860-539-6688